HYPERTENSION
Hypertension means high blood pressure. Blood pressure is pressure exerted per unit area by blood against the walls of arteries.
Blood pressure (B.P.) is recorded in two values systolic value pressure when heart contracts and a diastolic value when heart relaxes. Naturally systolic is greater than diastolic. So a BP reading of 120/80 means systolic value of 120 & diastolic value of 80.
How to measure BP
How to measure BP
You need a Sphygmomanometer & a stethoscope. Sphygmomanometer is used to monitor BP. A cuff is tied around the arm and is inflated. This cuff is connected to a mercury barometer. Person measuring BP uses a stethoscope to hear sound over brachial artery. Keep stethoscope over brachial artery and start inflating the cuff. You will hear sound of pulse beat, keep inflating till you do not hear any sound around 170 mm of Hg. Slowly deflate the cuff now & now note the point where you start hearing pulse beat sound in stethoscope. This is systolic value. Further deflating will lead to a point where you will again do not hear any sound this is your diastolic value.
Once high BP develops it usually lasts life long. Most of them are asymptomatic and require treatment which may prolong life long, so one should be very carefully labeled as Hypertensive. Not just one reading is enough for the purpose. At least 3 readings taken after 15 minutes of rest over 3 days are necessary
You need a Sphygmomanometer & a stethoscope. Sphygmomanometer is used to monitor BP. A cuff is tied around the arm and is inflated. This cuff is connected to a mercury barometer. Person measuring BP uses a stethoscope to hear sound over brachial artery. Keep stethoscope over brachial artery and start inflating the cuff. You will hear sound of pulse beat, keep inflating till you do not hear any sound around 170 mm of Hg. Slowly deflate the cuff now & now note the point where you start hearing pulse beat sound in stethoscope. This is systolic value. Further deflating will lead to a point where you will again do not hear any sound this is your diastolic value.
Once high BP develops it usually lasts life long. Most of them are asymptomatic and require treatment which may prolong life long, so one should be very carefully labeled as Hypertensive. Not just one reading is enough for the purpose. At least 3 readings taken after 15 minutes of rest over 3 days are necessary
Defining hypertension
Defining hypertension
Category -----------------------Systolic-----------Diastolic
Optimum-------------------------<120------------- <80
Normal----------------------------<130 ------------ <85
High normal----------------------130-139 ---------85-89
Mild hypertensive---------------140-159 ---------90-99
Moderate hypertensive----------160-179-------- 100-109
Severe hypertensive ------------180-209 ---------110-119
Systolic selective --------------->140-------------- <90
Category -----------------------Systolic-----------Diastolic
Optimum-------------------------<120------------- <80
Normal----------------------------<130 ------------ <85
High normal----------------------130-139 ---------85-89
Mild hypertensive---------------140-159 ---------90-99
Moderate hypertensive----------160-179-------- 100-109
Severe hypertensive ------------180-209 ---------110-119
Systolic selective --------------->140-------------- <90
Types of hypertension
Types of hypertension
1) Essential hypertension for which no cause is defined 90% of cases belong to this group
2) Secondary hypertension in which an under lying disease is present
Causes of secondary hypertension
Alcohol consumption
Smoking
Renal disorders like glomerluonephritis renal vascular disease, polycystic kidney disease
Endocrine disorders hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, pheochromacytoma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, adrenal hyperplasia, and acromegaly
Drugs like oral contraceptives (estrogen containing), steroids, aspirin ibuprofen other NSAIDS.
3) White coat hypertension .About 20% of patients gets their BP reading high when a doctor is taking the value, probably because of anxiety. If their BP is recorded by some one else at home the value is correct.
4) Accelerated hypertension. Signifies recent increase in previous levels of BP associated with vascular damage. Swelling of optic nerve may occur. pappiloedema
5) Malignant hypertension. It is a dangerous condition where BP rises to very high values, usually 200/130 or more. It is accompanied with very high level of damage to multiple organs. Retinal hemorrhage in both eyes may occur.
1) Essential hypertension for which no cause is defined 90% of cases belong to this group
2) Secondary hypertension in which an under lying disease is present
Causes of secondary hypertension
Alcohol consumption
Smoking
Renal disorders like glomerluonephritis renal vascular disease, polycystic kidney disease
Endocrine disorders hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, pheochromacytoma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, adrenal hyperplasia, and acromegaly
Drugs like oral contraceptives (estrogen containing), steroids, aspirin ibuprofen other NSAIDS.
3) White coat hypertension .About 20% of patients gets their BP reading high when a doctor is taking the value, probably because of anxiety. If their BP is recorded by some one else at home the value is correct.
4) Accelerated hypertension. Signifies recent increase in previous levels of BP associated with vascular damage. Swelling of optic nerve may occur. pappiloedema
5) Malignant hypertension. It is a dangerous condition where BP rises to very high values, usually 200/130 or more. It is accompanied with very high level of damage to multiple organs. Retinal hemorrhage in both eyes may occur.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
